Effect of Heliotropium Indicum Leaf Powder Supplemented Diets on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Weaned Pigs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59890/ijaamr.v3i1.310Keywords:
Antibiotics, Growth, Heliotropium Indicum, Phytocomponents, PerformanceAbstract
A 60 day experiment was carried out at Sumitra Research Institute, Gujarat, India to examine the effect of Heliotropium indicum leaf powder supplemented diets on growth performance and carcass characteristics of weaned pigs. A total of 50 crossbred male pigs (Landrace × Duroc) with initial body weight of 9.06 ± 0.44 kg weaned at 30 days of age were randomly divided into five treatments with six replicates (1 pig per replicate) and fed three experimental diets. Treatment 1; corn-soybeal mean (regular diet) without Heliotropium indicum leaf powder (control), treatment 2: regular diet with 0.50 g neomycin/kg diet while treatment 3, 4 and 5 received regular diet supplemented with Heliotropium indicum leaf powder at 100 g, 200g and 300 g per kg diet. A completely design was adopted and animals had unrestricted access to clean water and feed. Experimental results revealed that average daily body weight and average daily feed consumption varied from 0.14 to 0.26 kg and 0.71 to 0.82 kg respectively were higher among pigs in treatment 3, 4 and 5, intermediate in treatment 2 and lower in treatment 1 (p˂0.05). Increasing the dietary supplementation of Heliotropium indicum leaf powder decreased the feed to gain ratio from 5.25 to 3.15 (p˂0.05). Dressing percentage and weights of hind limbs, fore limbs, head, back, belly, heart, lungs and kidney were significantly (p˂0.05) influenced except for the spleen (p˃0.05). It was concluded that supplementing Heliotropium indicum leaf powder up to 300 g/kg in the diet of weaned pigs influenced their growth and pose no negative effect on the health status of animals
References
Abdel-Sattar, E., Harraz, F.M., Al-Ansari, S.M., El-Mekkawy, S., Ichino, C., Kiyohara, H., 2009. Antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal activity of plants from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. J. Nat. Med. 63 (2), 232–239.
Adewale, A.O., Alagbe, J.O., Adeoye, Adekemi. O. (2021). Dietary Supplementation of Rauvolfia Vomitoria Root Extract as A Phytogenic Feed Additive in Growing Rabbit Diets: Haematology and serum biochemical indices. International Journal of Orange Technologies, 3(3): 1-12.
Alagbe O. J., Shittu, D. M., Ojediran T. K., Anorue, D. N., Anaso E. U and Ramalan, S. N. (2024). Heliotropium Indicum Leaf Powder Supplemented in the Diet of Weaned Pigs: Impact on Growth Performance, Heamatological and Serum Biochemical Indices. Journal of Web Technologies and Applied Agriculture, 1(1): 24-30.
Alagbe Olujimi John, Daniel Nnadozie Anuore, Shittu Muritala Daniel, Emiola Adewale, Akande Taiwo and Adegoke Adegbite Emmanuel (2023). Impact of dietary supplementation of Carica papaya essential oil on the blood chemistry of broiler chickens. Science Letters, 11(3): 105 - 110. 30.
Alagbe, J.O (2023). Investigating the effects of dietary supplementation of Eucalyptus camaldulensis essential oil on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and caecal fermentation of weaned rabbits. Research in: Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, 7(3): 139 - 148.
Alagbe, J.O. (2024). Impact of dietary supplementation of Rhamnus prinoides leaf extract on the growth performance, nutrient retention and intestinal microbial count of Japanese quails. Brazilian Journal of Science, 3(5), 40-50.
Anderson, G., Coee, F., 1996. Ethanobotany of the garifuna of East Nicaragua. Econ Bot 50, 71–107. Alwahibi, M., Bukhary, N., 2013. Anatomical study of four species of Heliotropium L. (Boraginaceae) from Saudi Arabia. Afr. J. Plant Sci. 7 (1), 35–42.
Ao, X., Lei, Y. and Kim, I.H. (2020) Effect of flavor supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and carcass quality in growing-finishing pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci., 100(1): 133-139.
Boye, A., G. A. Koffuor, P. Amoateng, E. O. Ameyaw, and A. K. Abaitey (2012). “Analgesic activity and safety assessment of Heliotropium indicum Linn. (Boraginaceae) in rodents,” International Journal of Pharmacology, 8(2): 91–100.
Boye, A., Koffuor, G., Amoateng, P., Ameyaw, E., 2012. Abaitey A. Analgesic activity and safety assessment of Heliotropium indicum Linn. (Boraginaceae) in rodents. Int. J. Pharm. 8, 91–100
Caroline, J (2022). Improving feed efficiency and gut integrity of E.coli challenged weaned pigs. International Poultry Magazine, 8(7): 1-2.
Chunthorng-Orn, J., B. Dechayont, P. Phuaklee, O. Prajuabjinda, T. Juckmeta, and A. Itharat (2016). “Cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Heliotropium indicum extracts,” Journal of the Medical Association of Failand, 99(4): S102–S109.
Daniel Nnadozie Anorue, Friday Ubong and Alagbe Olujimi John (2023). Investigating the effects of pawpaw (Carica papaya) essential oil dietary supplementation on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of broilers. Research in: Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, 7(3): 164 - 174.
Dash, G.K and P. N. Murthy (2011). “Studies on wound healing activity of Heliotropium indicum Linn. leaves on rats,” ISRN Pharmacology, vol. 2011, Article ID 847980, 2011
Ghosh, P. Das, C. Das, S. Mahapatra, and S. Chatterjee (2018). “Morphological characteristics and phytopharmacological detailing of hatishur (Heliotropium indicum Linn.): a concise review,” Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(5): 1900–1907.
Jenny, C. (2022). Effects of acidifier supplemented diets on egg quality and performance. International Poultry Magazine, 24(2): 3-6.
Jeong, J.S. and Kim, I.H. (2015) Effect of probiotic bacteria-fermented medicinal plants (Gynura procumbens, Rehmannia glutinosa, Scutellaria baicalensis) as performance enhancers in growing pigs. Anim. Sci. J., 86(6): 603-609.
John, A.O. (2024a). Impact of dietary supplementation of Rhamnus prinoides leaf extract on the growth performance, nutrient retention and intestinal microbial count of Japanese quails. Brazilian Journal of Science, 3(5): 40-50.
John, A.O. (2024b). Clerodendron splendens leaf extract supplementation in weaner rabbits: impact on growth performance, haematology and intestinal microbial population. Cerrado: Agricultural and Biological Research, 1(1): 21-31.
John, A.O. (2024c). Effect of coconut shell extract on the growth performance and some haemato-biochemical parameters of broiler chicken. Brazilian Journal of Science, 3(6): 82-95.
John, A.O. (2024d). Effect of performance, serum biochemistry and heamatological components of feeding Japanese quails phytogenic feed additions comprising Megaphrynium macrostachyum leaves. Brazilian Journal of Science, 3(5): 51-64.
John, A.O. (2024e). Growth performance, haemato-biochemical indices of broiler chicken fed Aristochia indica as a phytogenic feed additive. Cerrado: Agricultural and Biological Research, 1(1): 42-53.
Kumar, M.S., S. Chaudhury, and S. Balachandran (2014). “In vitro callus culture of Heliotropium indicum Linn. for assessment of total phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity,” Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 174(8): 2897–2909, 2014.
Kumar, S. Kumar, S. Balachandran, and S. Chaudhury, (2012). “Influence of incubation temperatures on total phenolic, flavonoids content and free radical scavenging activity of callus from Heliotropium indicum L,” Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2(4): 2231–5683, 2012.
Lei, X.J., Yun, H.M. and Kim, I.H. (2018) Effects of dietary supplementation of natural and fermented herbs on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, meat quality and fatty acid composition in growing-finishing pigs. Ital. J. Anim. Sci., 17(4): 984-993.
Muritala, Daniel Shittu., Alagbe, J.O., Ojebiyi, O.O., Ojediran, T.K and Rafiu, T.A. (2022). Growth performance and haematological and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens given varied concentrations of Polyalthia longifolia leaf extract in place of conventional antibiotics. Animal Science and Genetics 18(2): 57-71.
Musa, B., Alagbe, J.O., Adegbite Motunrade Betty, Omokore, E.A. (2020). Growth performance, caeca microbial population and immune response of broiler chicks fed aqueous extract of Balanites aegyptiaca and Alchornea cordifolia stem bark mixture. United Journal for Research and Technology, 2(2):13-21.
National Academies Press. (2012) Nutrient Requirements of Swine. National Academies Press, Washington, DC, USA
Odugbemi, T.O., O. R. Akinsulire, I. E. Aibinu, and P. O. Fabeku (2007). “Medicinal plants useful for malaria therapy in Okeigbo, Ondo state, Southwest Nigeria,” African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 4(2): 191–198, 2007.
Ojediran, T.K., Emiola, I.A., Durojaye, V and Alagbe, J.O. (2024b). Analysis of Kigellia africana fruit’s powder antioxidant and phytochemical properties. Brazilian Journal of Science, 3(7): 38-49.
Ojediran, T.K., Emiola, I.A., Durojaye, V and John Alagbe (2024a). Proximate, vitamin and GC-MS profiling of Kigella africana powder. Cerrado: Agricultural and Biological Research, 1(1): 13-20.
Olafadehan, O.A., Oluwafemi, R.A and Alagbe, J.O. (2020). Carcass quality, nutrient retention and caeca microbial population of broiler chicks administered Rolfe (Daniellia oliveri) leaf extract as an antibiotic alternative. Journal of Drug Discovery. 14(33):146-154.
Oluwatoyin, S., G. I. Ndukwe, and A. Joseph, “Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies on the aerial parts of Heliotropium indicum Linn,” Annals of Biological Research, 2(2): 129–136, 2011.
Omokore, E.O and Alagbe, J.O. (2019). Efficacy of dried Phyllantus amarus leaf meal as an herbal feed additive on the growth performance, haematology and serum biochemistry of growing rabbits. International Journal of Academic Research and Development. 4(3): 97-104.
Owolabi, M.A., O. O. Oribayo, G. E. Ukpo, G. O. Mbaka, and O. E. Akindehin (2015). “A 5-month toxicity study of the ethanol extract of the leaves of Heliotropium indicum in Sprague Dawley rats after oral administration,” Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine, 25(3): 184–192.
Pianowski, L.F., J. B. Calixto, and C. P. Chaves (2011). Pharmaceutical Oral Product Obtained from Parts of Heliotropium Plants, 2011
Rahman, M.A., M. Mia, and Shahid, I. (2011). “Pharmacological and phytochemical screen activities of roots of Heliotropium indicum Linn,” PharmacologyOnLine, 1(1): 185–192, 2011.
Reddy, J.S., P. R. Rao, and M. S. Reddy. (2002). “Wound healing effects of Heliotropium indicum, Plumbago zeylanicum and Acalypha indica in rats,” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 79(2): 249–251.
Roy, A. (2015). “Pharmacological activities of Indian Heliotrope (Heliotropium indicum L.): a review,” Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 4(3): 101–104, 2015.
Shittu, M.D., Alagbe, J.O., Alaba, O., Okanlawon, E.O., Adelakun, F.A., Emmanuel, E.O and Adejumo, D.O. (2024). Effect of ginger, garlic and Negro pepper on the gut microbes, gut histomorphometry and pathological assessment of selected organs of broiler chickens. Association of Deans of Agriculture in Nigerian Universities, 5: 105-121.
Singh Sharma., Alagbe Olujimi John., Liu Xing., Sharma Ram and Kumar Amita (2022). Comparative analysis of ethanolic Juniperus thurifera leaf, stem bark and root extract using gas chromatography and mass spectroemetry. International Journal of Agriculture and Animal Production, 2(6): 18-27.
Suroowan, K. B. Pynee, and M. F. Mahomoodally (2019). “A comprehensive review of ethnopharmacologically important medicinal plant species from Mauritius,” South African Journal of Botany, 12(2): 189–213, 2019
Upadhaya S.D., Kim S.J., Kim I.H. (2016 b). Effects of gel-based phytogenic feed supplement on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics and intestinal morphology in weanling pigs. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 44: 384–389.
Upadhaya S.D., Lee K.Y., Kim I.H. (2016 a). Effect of protected organic acid blends on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and faecal micro flora in growing pigs. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 44: 232–242. 27.
Veda, V.T., K. S. Sasi, B. R. Asokan, S. Sengottuvelu, and S. Jaikumar (2016). “Anticataract activity of ethanolic extract of Heliotropium indicum leaves on galactose induced cataract in rats,” International Journal of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 5(1): 18–20.
Woodward, P. (2005). Impact of a ban on animal by-products and antibiotic growth promoters – European experience. Pages: 46-57. In: Proceedings, Thirty Second Annual Carolina Poultry Nutrition Conference, North Carolina, October, 26-27.
Yan L., Zhang Z.F., Park J.C., Kim I.H. (2012). Evaluation of Houttuynia cordata and Taraxacum officinale on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics and fecal microbial shedding in weaning pigs. Asian-Australas. Journal of Animal Science, 25: 1439– 1444.
Zhou T.X., Zhang Z.F., Kim I.H. (2013). Effects of dietary Coptis chinensis herb extract on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics and meat quality in growing-finishing pigs. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 26: 108–115
