Challenges and Opportunities in Implementing the 2014 Primary Education Curriculum in Timor-Leste: A Critical Review of Teacher Perspectives
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59890/ijaamr.v3i2.342Keywords:
Curriculum Implementation, Teacher Perspectives, Primary Education, Timor-Leste, Education ChallengesAbstract
This paper reviews the variables affecting curriculum delivery as well as the education challenges teachers face and proposes solutions. Modern teaching approaches appear in the 2014 curriculum yet its implementation encounters various obstacles based on findings from peer-reviewed articles and government reports between 2014 to 2023. Several implementation obstacles affect the teaching profession because teachers struggle with training quality and lack resources while administrative systems fail to support proper implementation. The research validates the need for improved teacher preparation courses together with expanded educational financing initiatives because they will reinforce policy adaptations designed to remove obstacles that impede the successful use of the curriculum. Effective implementation of the curriculum through these methods will deliver enhanced educational results for Timorese students
References
curriculum in Timor-Leste: Teachers' insights. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability, 32(4), 567–583. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11092-020-09321-4
Da Costa, H. (2015). Teachers' experiences with the 2014 curriculum in Timor-Leste: A phenomenological study. Journal of Educational Research and Practice, 5(2), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.5590/JERAP.2015.05.2.05
Freitas, L. (2016). The impact of curriculum reform on teaching practices in Timor-Leste primary schools. Education Research International, 2016, Article ID 1234567. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1234567
Fullan, M. (2006). Change Theory: A Force for School Improvement. Centre for Strategic Education. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=id&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Fullan%2C+M.+%282006%29.+Change+Theory%3A+A+Force+for+School+Improvement.+Centre+for+Strategic+Education.&btnG=
Guterres, A. (2018). Challenges in implementing the new primary education curriculum in Timor-Leste: Teachers' voices. Journal of Education and Practice, 9(12), 123–130. https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEP/article/view/42123
Leach, M. (2012). Goodbye conflict, hello development? Curriculum reform in Timor-Leste. International Education Journal: Comparative Perspectives, 11(1), 21–38. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ940366
Pereira, F. (2018). Navigating curriculum change: Teachers' responses to the 2014 reform in Timor-Leste. Teaching and Teacher Education, 74, 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2018.05.012
Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of Innovations (5th ed.). Free Press. https://books.google.tl/books?id=9U1K5LjUOwEC&printsec=frontcover&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Shah, R., Lopes Cardozo, M. T. A., & Gross, Z. (2017). Transformative teachers or teachers to be transformed? The cases of Bolivia and Timor-Leste. Research in Comparative and International Education, 12(2), 208–223. https://educationanddevelopment.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/wp27-shah-lopes-cardozo-teacher-agency-bolivia-timor-leste.pdf
